tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89273765005879251652024-02-20T00:31:39.746+02:00Mokuhanga Study RoomMokuhanga Study Roomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04927105110315948754noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927376500587925165.post-4878031726104455422018-07-08T18:22:00.001+03:002018-07-08T18:22:43.532+03:00Making News<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When talking about News today, we are talking about things that happened just a minute ago. News of today are a reality show, which we can follow up any time we like. It is easy to get
hooked in rapidly progressing chain of events in the internet. At the same time it is quite exhausting
to do so. We also have now a phenomenon called "Fake News". Truth and
Lie have become mixed and blurred in the midst of all available sources
of information. In the end, it is up to us what we decide to believe. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Making News is not a new thing. Making news for entertainment is not
a new invention either. A little bit of exaggeration adds spice and interest to any matter, and scandalous reporting adds no doubt the sales profit. News makers know how to
tickle peoples curiosity.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz3sQBI_LkrMWPZUj5kREcEzWFwRI3x_nWK_KotTrY3HRZ-qc8VVT0ZvlZBsVAsNzZTTO0dkrh5xlJ3lpzWHHTwriefmMmqmS5xqHs8PdNDC5QMzPdGn40XtodaWfwk2adzloeJHAao6g/s1600/nishikie_shinbun1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="307" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz3sQBI_LkrMWPZUj5kREcEzWFwRI3x_nWK_KotTrY3HRZ-qc8VVT0ZvlZBsVAsNzZTTO0dkrh5xlJ3lpzWHHTwriefmMmqmS5xqHs8PdNDC5QMzPdGn40XtodaWfwk2adzloeJHAao6g/s320/nishikie_shinbun1.jpg" width="231" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">O</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">saka Nishikie Shimbun </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">no. 23 </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">(1875) </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<div style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>In Japan</b> the first newspaper style print came out already in 1615. It was a leaflet about the victorious invasion of the Osaka
Castle. But beginning of actual mass production of newspaper prints (<i>kawaraban</i>) did not start before 1682. That is a year when a large number of prints came out reporting all major fires that
had happened previous year. Edo-period was a peaceful time in Japan and
the news concentrated mainly in calamities like earthquakes or various scandals around
celebrities. Sometimes ghost stories or other mysterious events were
also highlighted in the leaflets. <span><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the end of 18<sup>th</sup> century the outlook of newspaper prints became
more refined. Multi-color prints appeared in the market
alongside with hastily produced black and white <i>kawaraban</i> prints. Newspaper
leaflets printed from woodblock reached their peak during the Meiji-period when publishing of ukiyo-e style <i>nishiki-e
shimbun</i> news started. The pictures in them were often designed and painted by
established ukiyo-e artists, like Ochiai Yoshiiku and Tsukioka Yoshitoshi. The images and texts on <i>nishiki-e shimbun</i> were based on reports about incidents
among ordinary people and townsmen, so readers could identify themselves
with the news subjects easily. The prints usually carried some educational advice, or
they acted as a warning example. In 1890’s the production of woodcut newspaper prints
diminished rapidly due to imported printing machinery and the
introduction of photograph. Even though the time of woodcut printed newspapers has long ago passed, we can still find ageless good advice in them. Here I introduce two such prints to you.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicLmyt1I9HPH-8oqLuj-07HIcYIQ4eFBBagSA8CjlJlcJd3FAb-ylVLR1d4Le54ac4GOG9TZZ83qg-Ejy1aUn3fWpfx9xJDoCiX5b8IS3rDlpFZWYK5g8oOTYo-6qN_50VIohrb6gwsUo/s1600/nishikieshimbun2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="302" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicLmyt1I9HPH-8oqLuj-07HIcYIQ4eFBBagSA8CjlJlcJd3FAb-ylVLR1d4Le54ac4GOG9TZZ83qg-Ejy1aUn3fWpfx9xJDoCiX5b8IS3rDlpFZWYK5g8oOTYo-6qN_50VIohrb6gwsUo/s320/nishikieshimbun2.jpg" title="" width="227" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Osaka Nishikie Shimbun </span><br /><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">no. 8</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">(1875) </span></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Osaka Nishikie Shimbun no. 23 </b>(1875) <br />
In Nagoya, a man called Banno Shinzaemon got a very bad burn on his leg. Doctor
looked at the injury and said that the leg might be lost because of rotting of
the flesh. Shinzaemon's little brother Shinzo worried about the matter so much,
that he cut a piece of his own leg and tied it on the injured leg of
Shinzaemon. The cure worked. Shinzaemon's leg was saved by this unselfish act.
People in the village awarded Shinzo for his great brotherly love with 5 yen
coin.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The message of this news print is obvious: Compassion between people is
appreciated and good deeds will always be awarded.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Osaka Nishikie Shimbun no. 8 </b>(1875)<b> </b></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
In the night of March 6th in Yodo of Kyoto a courtesan and her poor lover decided to
flee from this desperate world to better conditions in the Afterlife.
They went to the brige and took off their clothes. Then they jumped together into the river. But their
double suicide attempt was doomed to fail, because the water in the river was not deep
enough. The secret love affair between the couple was revealed to people in an embarrassing
way.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The educational part in this print is, of course, the old wisdom: Look before you
leap! Never do important things unprepared.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <br /><br />I wonder what would be a piece of news today worth making a multi-colored
woodcut print? </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixFwzPXKCdu17Dydy0GmOFoWvCYWSl5uymELVAPDZy1qSASCAV5-5hAYdWwhO2udBp0XipzNH0mVVUdqMBz5KOMR75YcjUrPlKkRYMN2Tkn3Nr6FK2Iq4nvvIAMsw3_vMrHuRLaSDgXcE/s1600/kawarabanHEBI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1165" data-original-width="1600" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixFwzPXKCdu17Dydy0GmOFoWvCYWSl5uymELVAPDZy1qSASCAV5-5hAYdWwhO2udBp0XipzNH0mVVUdqMBz5KOMR75YcjUrPlKkRYMN2Tkn3Nr6FK2Iq4nvvIAMsw3_vMrHuRLaSDgXcE/s400/kawarabanHEBI.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr align="left"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kawaraban newspaper print reporting an unusual event on the backyard: <br />The frogs attack fiercly a snake which was threatening them.</span></span></td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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Mokuhanga Study Roomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04927105110315948754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927376500587925165.post-24986533505359038952017-03-26T10:12:00.001+03:002017-03-26T14:29:08.877+03:00Reproduction or reprint – what’s the difference?<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">When you travel in Japan what would
be more wonderful souvenir to your friends and family than a genuine ukiyo-e woodblock
print. It is light to carry and is sure to keep its value in the future. Finding
a shop that sells ukiyo-e prints is not a problem nowadays, thanks to the internet.
Nevertheless you might get bewildered in the shop when going through a pile of
prints on display. How to pick up “the original, genuine old print” among hundreds
of beautiful picture sheets. The publishing date and the number of edition is
not marked. All you get is the artist’s name and the dates when he lived.</span> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">As you maybe already know, ukiyo-e
prints have been produced steadily already over 250 years. If you try to find
the first edition of a certain picture you will soon learn that it is almost
impossible. First prints from the most famous artists are already located in museums and
in safe houses of private collectors. They have literally spread all over the
world. Because of the excellent durability of the block material, wild cherry, there
might be thousands of the same image printed. Which is the most valuable
edition then? Is it really always the oldest?</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">To me, not only the antique prints are precious,
but also the freshly printed good quality <i>fukkoku-</i>reprints
are valuable. They are all made with the same unique printing
technique as in the very first edition of the image. It might be wiser to start
appreciating ukiyo-e prints not only as objects for collecting but also as
representatives of a very special cultural form. In Japan not only old and rare THINGS are National treasures, but also many traditional SKILLS
are considered as cultural assets. A human being possessing a traditional craft is a
living treasure. Technique of the ukiyo-e woodblock printing is among these appreciated
cultural forms. There we find the reason why they are still produced: To
keep that unique tradition alive.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ukiyo-e prints were produced, and
are still produced as teamwork of skillful craftsmen. In a matter of fact all
kinds of Japanese old crafts, such as hand papermaking are connected to the print production.
Unfortunately the number of traditional ukiyo-e craftsmen is diminishing
rapidly nowadays. There are only less than 70 professionals who master the
carving and printing in the old style. The last resort of ukiyo-e production is
centered in Tokyo and Kyoto.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">By buying a <i>fukkoku</i>-reprint, you are helping Japanese craftspeople in keeping the
old ukiyo-e printing tradition alive. After next 100 years when this unique
craft is completely disappeared, you can boast to have a genuine handmade
mokuhanga from the last period of Japanese ukiyo-e printing</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">VOCABULARY</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Mokuhanga</b> = Woodblock
print in general, including contemporary prints<b> </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Ukiyo-e</b> = “Pictures of the floating world“. Genre of art,</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">including prints and paintings made in Edo period<b> </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Shozuri </b>= First editions of ukiyo-e prints (original printing blocks
used)<b> </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Atozuri</b> = Later editions of ukiyo-e prints (original printing
blocks used)<b> </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Fukkoku</b> = Reprint, freshly printed old ukiyo-e woodblock
print, </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">made with old printing technique and newly carved printing blocks<b> </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Reprint</b> = see fukkoku.<b> </b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Reproduction</b> = Digital print or poster made with contemporary printing
methods</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHK4G6pEUk7mqHKHn1-nyUnC3MmLVnIkUL5KAMz7FpqFvdJ5trxwcM4COs2ZxaptTwpsKMP4Knj7G5wM9vekjwOGz1YTndG9MZHLUvuqDHKrGK5FUz4TzvuxqgRZVHKiKK1Ak70z5YAH0/s1600/hanmoto_kaavio.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHK4G6pEUk7mqHKHn1-nyUnC3MmLVnIkUL5KAMz7FpqFvdJ5trxwcM4COs2ZxaptTwpsKMP4Knj7G5wM9vekjwOGz1YTndG9MZHLUvuqDHKrGK5FUz4TzvuxqgRZVHKiKK1Ak70z5YAH0/s640/hanmoto_kaavio.jpg" width="480" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr align="left"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">1. Hanmoto (publisher) decides to launch a new picture. 2. Artist makes a design in black and white outline drawing. 3. Hanmoto accepts
the design and hands it over to the block carver. 4. Carver makes a key
block and takes test prints from it. Test prints go to artist for making the color
plan. 5. Color plan is handed to the carver who makes the color blocks.
6. Color blocks are delivered to the printer who makes the first test prints.
7. Artist and hanmoto negotiate about the design and decide the final
colors 8. Final color plan goes back to the printer who makes the print edition.
9. Hanmoto sets the price and takes the prints to the market. (</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">© </span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">D</span></span>rawing by Tuula Moilanen<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">)</span></span></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">HOW TO DISTINGUISH A GENUINE UKIYO-E PRINT?<b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">There are multiple ways to estimate ukiyo-e prints,
starting from the aging of the paper and color pigments. The artists signature
style and the publishers seal also give a hint for finding the original production
dates. Those methods are used by the specialists in museums. For common
traveller in search for a interesting souvenier there are some simpler ways to check
the originality of the print<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">.</span> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">1. <b>Baren marks.</b>
Flip the print around and check the reverse side. If you see the rubbing marks
of the baren and color pigments have penetrated through the paper, you have a
genuine mokuhanga in your hand. In digital reproduction the reverse side has no
marks.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">2. <b>Margins</b>.
Fukkoku prints often have wider margins than in the old ukiyo-e prints. You
can find the carver’s name and printer’s name on the margin. You can also estimate the aging of the paper from the margins.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">3. <b>Hair line.</b>
Check the hair line in a beauty print or in actor print. If it is minutely carved
and looks sharp, it is made by professional and skillful ukiyo-e carver. In the
old days carver master could carve 4-5 hairs in one millimeter. Nowadays I have
heard that 3-4 has become maximum.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">4. <b>Sharpness.</b>
Prints were produced in editions of 200. First editions (shozuri) up to maybe
600 have sharp and thin black outlines. When editions exceed 800-1000 copies (atozuri) the lines on the pictures are flattened
and the result is shabbier.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">5. <b>Colors.</b>
Old prints look old and faded, depending of course how well they have been kept. Fukkoku-prints generally look the same than the original
first edition when it came out. Color variation can also be seen in the old
print editions. The publisher changed the color scale if the picture did not
sell as expected.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">6. <b>Study more!</b>
Find more information about ukiyo-e artists and mokuhanga printmaking in books
and in the internet. Go to exhibitions and see the original prints. Get the
collector’s spark!</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">---------------------------------------------------------</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Here are two variations of an Utamaro beauty print. </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoFooter">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Guess which one is fukkoku!</span> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBXtUDg253JRMDqNJB6Il4MMGB_Qf7oaE2aH-_hwjItlg17MMeI4HlQFnh5v-C3coQw1iSrwwX13kaEiMV0WtKdVUb9msX9eK4_3tK1HFw0MfRAZIcWXqg-bswDsfLiz9YefnrwyYZnhk/s1600/Utamaro1A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBXtUDg253JRMDqNJB6Il4MMGB_Qf7oaE2aH-_hwjItlg17MMeI4HlQFnh5v-C3coQw1iSrwwX13kaEiMV0WtKdVUb9msX9eK4_3tK1HFw0MfRAZIcWXqg-bswDsfLiz9YefnrwyYZnhk/s640/Utamaro1A.jpg" width="432" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgca576NCd8zQu5gm6qxilAg5GQGFCDMjUTHR-FSJRgXdm4ni5pGWpoweRAI322Xzk0cbSL98P0nRPT39V1nnGhSad53R4vkoPVMU1du4FuC4jc1kVUc7Vipwuov8UL-VBTC-TFMolmLZM/s1600/Utamaro1B.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgca576NCd8zQu5gm6qxilAg5GQGFCDMjUTHR-FSJRgXdm4ni5pGWpoweRAI322Xzk0cbSL98P0nRPT39V1nnGhSad53R4vkoPVMU1du4FuC4jc1kVUc7Vipwuov8UL-VBTC-TFMolmLZM/s640/Utamaro1B.jpg" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
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</span></span>Mokuhanga Study Roomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04927105110315948754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927376500587925165.post-78250304019736465762016-12-22T13:34:00.000+02:002016-12-30T14:53:14.820+02:00Mountain Cherry and Japanese woodblock printmaking<style>
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</style><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In the West
the most famous examples of Japanese woodblock prints are the masterpieces of ukiyo-e,
“Pictures of the Floating World" from late Edo-period (1600-1868). A lot of
research has been made on the artists who designed these refined prints, but the
method used in their production was quite unknown until about 20 years back.
Starting from the 1990’s Japanese </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">non-toxic
and water-based </span>woodblock printing technique, <i>mokuhanga</i>, started to gain attention among non-Japanese artists. While the interest in Japanese woodblock printing methods has increased internationally,
in Japan the continuance of ukiyo-e print tradition is threatened by lack of
successors. Today there are less than 70 professional craftsmen left in Japan
preserving the valued ukiyo-e carving and printing skills. Although the union
of ukiyo-e craftsmen gets acknowledgement and financial support from the Japanese
government, young people have no interest and patience in training themselves
in this very demanding craft. But even if the ukiyo-e craft would suddenly
become popular among the young it is already difficult to find traditional materials
for doing it. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Especially Mountain Cherry, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">the essential wood
material for making the printing blocks, </span>has now almost
completely disappeared from the market.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKn_pMaNy8yZUggVD-meMwO-0UlhP2RsVww2mV0rrrB5As6Hzo5FFteD62pxyve0eJiIjekZ5QU5w_D8zftdqIVWunzdvvIasr2htMlb72Y3nPt9YoHSU5aNFQH1RgUH2Fjy5tCh07xuY/s1600/Arashiyama_Yamashiro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKn_pMaNy8yZUggVD-meMwO-0UlhP2RsVww2mV0rrrB5As6Hzo5FFteD62pxyve0eJiIjekZ5QU5w_D8zftdqIVWunzdvvIasr2htMlb72Y3nPt9YoHSU5aNFQH1RgUH2Fjy5tCh07xuY/s400/Arashiyama_Yamashiro.jpg" width="271" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hiroshige: Arashiyama in cherry blossom time</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-left: -.01gd; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.1pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mountain
Cherry as printing block material</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-left: -.01gd; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.1pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Until the end of 19<sup>th</sup> century </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">cherry </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">was
the main wood material in all Japanese print production from black and white
storybooks and advertisements to collector’s multi-coloured picture sheets. From
all cherry species the mountain cherry was considered to be the best block
material. Old written records (1912) by professional block makers reveal that especially boards coming from Izu and Nikko were the most appreciated material in
late Edo-Meiji-period. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Cherry tree belongs to
the Rose family, which includes nearly 3000 different sub-species of flowering
plants. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Prunus serrulata,</i> sometimes
called as Hill Cherry, Oriental Cherry or East Asian Cherry, is a species of
cherry native to Japan, Korea and China. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Mountain
Cherry, called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">yamazakura</i> in Japan, can
be identified by its pure white flowers which come out simultaneously with foliage
in spring. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Someiyoshino</i> and other
cultured decorative cherry trees have leaves only after losing their flowers. In
natural conditions <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">yamazakura</i> can
grow over 20 meters in height and to one meter in circumference. It has a
straight trunk where the branches develop higher than with the other cherry
species. This feature makes it possible to gain long and even-quality printing boards
from the trunk. The wood has straight grain, tight density and quite inconspicuous
growth rings. The hard and even quality of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">yamazakura</i>
enables the carving of extremely minute details and lines on the printing block.
The durability of the block surface is also a great advantage when making large
print editions. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Preparing
the cherry wood for printmaking blocks takes time and attention. Ukiyo-e craftsmen are particulary strict about the surface structure and the direction
of the wood grain when they are choosing their wood material. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Large blocks cannot be constructed by
gluing together two or more separate boards, because the joint would show in the print and eventually
crack during the wetting and heavy printing process. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Maximum
size of the printing blocks for sale is determined by the size of the
yamazakura tree trunks in production. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">To prevent strong warping the sliced boards are left to dry for several years (traditionally for 10 years) </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">after cutting
down the tree</span></span>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Difficulty
to find proper mountain cherry wood has given birth to invention of cherry plywood.
It has already replaced full-wood blocks in most traditional print workshops. Cherry
plywood for ukiyo-e print production is made by gluing c. 4 mm thick sheet of <i>yamazakura</i>
on both sides of shina-veneer. The <i>yamazakura </i>sheets come from old disposed
printing blocks. The carved image on the surface of the block is planed away to
reveal the untouched wood inside. Old antique blocks, especially ukiyo-e
keyblocks, are never used in plywood production. They have great historical and
cultural value and thus they are preserved in private and public collections.
AIthough the cherry plywood blocks work well and are now commonly used in
ukiyo-e workshops, they are not the final solution to the block material
problem: in the long run, there will be no old blocks anymore to use for making
the plywood. </span> </span></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNA5ygT7TBc2hf-WXuJj0JG243kj1uH7WfNCNTdqewP7CwIwW8vtCm77AREk92Nj2qUzHDTl0n4mY8N7OY0nx1fh5Fpe-Hn7ysadZ3hSwmb3xOSVtiy6GHqyRylRXMMGYlrfURpLNPQa0/s1600/laatta1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNA5ygT7TBc2hf-WXuJj0JG243kj1uH7WfNCNTdqewP7CwIwW8vtCm77AREk92Nj2qUzHDTl0n4mY8N7OY0nx1fh5Fpe-Hn7ysadZ3hSwmb3xOSVtiy6GHqyRylRXMMGYlrfURpLNPQa0/s400/laatta1.jpg" width="400" /></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /><br />The
future of Japanese traditional ukiyo-e craft is closely connected to the
availability of wild mountain cherry. The print production is continuing for
the time being, thanks to the enthusiasm of devoted craftsmen and art lovers.
Although </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">this unique craftsmanship </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">will eventually fade away one day, t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">he
beauty and excellence of <i>yamazakura</i> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">will still reside in ukiyo-e prints for future
generations.</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><b>Tuula
Moilanen</b> <br />Full presentation on the subject can be found at http://worldwoodday.org/2015/</span> </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span> </span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVVo-38qLYwS-EIhBewk3fdK7jMRNfkuVGoe-1CWg2IBNGsK0roATTp4H1IZlEpelWttbwjPxKwEVAWtEQn2C9x-Qwj5ogsy-_z0W7hzH7hX2FO2y_qBSQLD2hOpIwrM_2k6rbDrP-3bU/s1600/Hangiyasan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVVo-38qLYwS-EIhBewk3fdK7jMRNfkuVGoe-1CWg2IBNGsK0roATTp4H1IZlEpelWttbwjPxKwEVAWtEQn2C9x-Qwj5ogsy-_z0W7hzH7hX2FO2y_qBSQLD2hOpIwrM_2k6rbDrP-3bU/s640/Hangiyasan.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><style>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial";">Sakura Gokujō Ita,</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial";"> “The Very Best Sakura Blocks”. Sales advertisement of
block maker Minoya Matsuzo in Habashita Sugimachi. Woodblock print,
Meiji-period (1868-1912). Published on the 5th month of the year (year not
marked). </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial";"> </span>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial";">Sales
items are shown on the right as simplified line drawings. The blocks are
depicted with <i>hashibami</i>, the supporting
side strips. Text in the middle gives appraising information about the
products. The selling prices of the blocks are marked as follows: Block for
printing on <i>hanshi-</i>paper, 10 zen (c.2000 yen), for printing on Minoshi-paper,
13 zen (c.2500 yen), and for Yoncho-paper, 8 zen (c.1600 yen). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial";">The corresponding contemporary prices </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial";">in yen</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial";"> are counted by
comparing the price to a noodle cup price in 1904 (Meiji 37), which was 2 zen. Today (2014)
the same cup of noodles costs about 400 yen. The price for hand-planed yamazakura printing block today (2015-16) is about 14000 yen </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #595959; font-family: "arial";"><span style="color: black;">(t<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #595959; font-family: "arial"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: black;">hickness
c. 23 mm, size c. 39 x 27 cm). </span></span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #595959; font-family: "arial";"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #595959; font-family: "arial"; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #595959; font-family: "arial";"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #595959; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><b></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #595959; font-family: "arial";"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #595959; font-family: "arial";"></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>References</i></span><u><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></u></span></span></b></div>
<b><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Arioka</b> Toshiyuki:
Sakura I and Sakura II (Mono to ningen no Bunkashi 137-I, 137-II). 2007, Hosei
University Press, Tokyo </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">有岡利幸:<span class="a-size-large">桜</span></span><span class="a-size-large"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I</span></span><span class="a-size-large"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">、桜</span></span><span class="a-size-large"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II</span></span><span class="a-size-large"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">。</span></span><span class="a-size-large"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(</span></span><span class="a-size-large"><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ものと人間の文化史</span></span><span class="a-size-large"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">137-I,137-II) </span></span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">年</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">法政大学出版局</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></span></b></div>
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Hanga Geijutsu 124</b>, Nihon no
mokuhanga 100 nen. Article: Dentōteki mokuhan no dōgu-zairyō no ima. 2004, Abe
publishing co., Tokyo </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">版画芸術</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">124</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">号、</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2004</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">年。日本の木版画100年。伝統的木版の道具材料の今</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></span></b></div>
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Ishii </b>Kendo: Nishiki-e no hori to
suri. 1929, Unsodo, Kyoto</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 石井研堂:錦絵の彫と摺。昭和4年、芸艸堂発行、京都</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></span></b></div>
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Kaneko</b> Takaaki: Hanbon no hangi.
Sono kihonteki kōzō (Physical Structure of Japanese Woodblocks for Printed
Books). Art Documentation Kenkyu, no.17, 2010. </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">金子貴昭:版本の版木</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> — </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">その基本的構造。</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2010</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">年</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">月、アート・ドキュメンテーション学会、大阪</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></b></div>
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Kaneko</b> Takaaki: ”Shokiken
Bokuchifuku” no hangi. Art Research Journal vol.10, 2010. Ritsumeikan
University Kyoto. </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">金子貴昭:「賞奇軒墨竹譜」の版木、</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Art Research vol.10, 2010</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">年</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">立命館大学京都</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Miyoshi</b> Manabu: Sakura. 1938,
Fuzanbo, Tokyo </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">三好学:桜。昭和</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">13</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">年</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">富山房、東京</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Nodasaka</b> Shinya: Ki wo erabu.
Zōenjumoku-jiten. 2011, Apoc, Tokyo</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">野田坂伸也:木を選ぶ。造園樹木事典。</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2011</span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;">年、アポックス社、東京</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><span lang="JA" style="font-family: "yu mincho"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="color: #666666;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
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Mokuhanga Study Roomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04927105110315948754noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927376500587925165.post-43790788118195272612016-06-26T08:04:00.000+03:002016-06-27T06:56:58.259+03:00Ofuda Hakase Frederick Starr<style>
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</style><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;">While organizing the vast collection of <i>senshafuda</i>, which I have in my
possession for research in Helsinki, I came across a fuda-style print, that
seems to be a copy of a letter. The message is signed by Frederick Starr in
Tokyo, on March 23th, Taisho 6 (Western calendar year 1918). The Japanese
translation of Starr’s handwritten words can be found on the left side of the
print.</span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcMtISLTzckFQdrPi8SgXWehVX4Uwdy11pbiK0wexPWuPPzCodu-BPaWQ6w8adlajoXvooushNbjHjYfO5KBBxTwN86uv0HG_XLM8pc4AIFBRFabAiyn-tLC-qYa_ihlCS0dzr7Qt3axw/s1600/GetInline.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcMtISLTzckFQdrPi8SgXWehVX4Uwdy11pbiK0wexPWuPPzCodu-BPaWQ6w8adlajoXvooushNbjHjYfO5KBBxTwN86uv0HG_XLM8pc4AIFBRFabAiyn-tLC-qYa_ihlCS0dzr7Qt3axw/s400/GetInline.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Frederick Starr </b>(1858-1933) was a professor of anthropology at the
University of Chicago. Among other things he is known as an enthusiastic researcher
of Japanese culture and life. Starr travelled in Japan multiple times in the
early years of 20<sup>th</sup> century. He also took part to Shikoku
pilgrimage. Probably he was the first foreigner who seriously attempted to visit
all the 88 temples on the holy route.</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The thing that the letter of gratitude by Starr, written freely at the
<i>nosatsu</i>-collectors meeting, was carefully transferred and carved on woodblock, and then
printed into several copies, reveals the high appreciation that Japanese people
felt towards this American professor. Story goes that people
came in cheering crowds to welcome Starr at railway stations when he traveled in the countryside. Such stories may be
somewhat exaggerated but the fact remains that Starr was truly well-liked among
Japanese people. He seems to have adjusted seamingly with the Japanese daily manners. A Japanese writer who knew Starr noted in his article that "Starr is no different from the Japanese, having a bath, eating sashimi and miso... and can even sit properly on the tatami."</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Frederick
Starr had various research projects while in Japan. The one for which he is
best known is his study of <i><b>senshafuda</b> (senjafuda)</i>, woodblock printed votive
slips, which originally were produced for pilgrims as personal name tags to be
pasted on temple gates and pillars. The nick name <b>Ofuda Hakase,</b> meaning “Doctor
of Fuda” or “Fuda Professor” in English, comes from Starr’s notably strong
interest in fuda-prints.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In the
latter half of the 19<sup>th</sup> century <span style="color: black;"><i>senshafudas
</i>developed into beautiful multicolour artworks with widely ranging motifs and
large scale themes. They were designed by professional artists and were executed
as woodblock prints by highly skilled artisans. The fuda-collectors formed
groups that gathered in </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;">regular </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><i><b>Nosatsu-kai </b></i>meetings
to exchange their prints. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Starr probably attended in many of
those gatherings. <span style="color: black;">The activity of fuda-collector groups reached
its peak during the first decades of the 20th century, but the tradition has
not completely faded. Small <i>Nosatsu-kai</i> meetings still take place in Tokyo.
They have even made a present-day fuda-print of Frederick Starr! You can find
it and other interesting collector’s info at <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.geocities.jp/edoutako_y/">http://www.geocities.jp/edoutako_y/</a>
(in Japanese)</span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;">I am anxious to know more about Starr and his relationship with Japan. I
wonder if there are such keen fuda-collectors in the West nowadays?</span> </span></span></div>
<i><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></i><i><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></i><br />
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<i><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></i>
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></i>
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Left: Another interesting fuda-style woodblock print carrying Starr’s name. Estimating by
the appearance of the lettering and variation in the thickness of lines, the
original writing was written with an ink brush. This one is a thank-you note, too. The print
is signed by Maebashi Hanbei, Starr’s regular
interpreter, who accompanied him in all his travels. </span></span></span></i><br />
<br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><br />
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<i><br /></i>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial";"><i>Fuda-prints in this blog: </i> Sumio Yamazaki Collection, Kyoto<i><br />Link to F.Starr in Wikipedia:</i> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Starr">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Starr</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Other
references:</i> David C. Moreton, An Account of the Shikoku Pilgrimage by
Frederick Starr. Article in The Transactions of the Asiatic Society of
Japan, vol. 19 / 2005</span></span></span><br />
<br />
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Mokuhanga Study Roomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04927105110315948754noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927376500587925165.post-47809769988392724222016-05-11T07:31:00.000+03:002016-05-15T08:32:22.375+03:00<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">Welcome to Mokuhanga Study Room!</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">This blog is created by Finnish printmaker and book artist <b>Tuula Moilanen</b> in co-operation with <b>Sumio Yamazaki,</b>
a dealer and collector of antique Japanese prints and art books in
Kyoto. Together we study Japanese old printing methods, especially
woodcuts, and bring you new information about their yet hidden secrets. <br /><br /><i><span style="color: #b45f06;">More information about us:</span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.tuulamoilanen.net/">www.tuulamoilanen.net </a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.artbooks.jp/">http://www.artbooks.jp/</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">WHAT IS MOKUHANGA?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Word <i><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">m</span>okuhanga </i>means "woodcut print" in Japanese language. Nowadays <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">it </span>is also used to describe Japanese watercolor
woodcut printing technique<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">. <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Famous</span> ukiyo-e prints from </span></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">18th and 19th century, </span></span></span></span></span>which were designed by ma<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">ster a<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">rtists such as Hokusai and Utamar<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">o, </span></span></span>are all made with mokuhanga. <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In those days t</span>his demanding printing technique was also widely used in book production<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">, </span>adverti<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">sing and in various paper crafts. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs3gc40mFdhr_MtafDYR5C-cvlg1770CeyKekUPwEbY3jJOJ_B8vMCbDImcqZqABCU2_p_Y4QGqG1fuqq1lzNrI6csmAIraLHdQ8wZazF3A-ZR7NyfRJOAS8JuMZBN4h8PNW5AUpSwPOM/s1600/GetInline-4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs3gc40mFdhr_MtafDYR5C-cvlg1770CeyKekUPwEbY3jJOJ_B8vMCbDImcqZqABCU2_p_Y4QGqG1fuqq1lzNrI6csmAIraLHdQ8wZazF3A-ZR7NyfRJOAS8JuMZBN4h8PNW5AUpSwPOM/s1600/GetInline-4.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<h2>
<span style="color: orange;"><b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">COMING UP!</span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></h2>
<b><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Please follow our next updates on curious old print items from Meiji-Taisho period. </span></span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>HIKIFUDA</b><br />Hikifuda
posters were designed in Japan as New Year gifts for customers by
various shops and manufacturers. They usually carry well-wishing images
of good luck and fortune, for example Fuji-mountain, cranes, Fukusuke or
O-Fuku. Among the seven lucky gods the most popular ones used are
Daikoku and Ebisu. Sometimes a calendar for the becoming year is
included in the advertisement. A picture base for the poster was often
provided by the printing workshop. The product information and the
merchant’s name was printed on the blank space usually composed on the
left side of the poster. <br /><br />The short production period of <i>hikifuda</i>
posters dates around the turn of the 20th century. The most valued
posters are made with woodblock printing technique, but also the ones
printed with lithography and offset methods of the time are nowadays
considered as highly interesting collectible items.<b><br /><br /><br />SEN<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">SHA</span>FUDA</b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Original <i>senshafuda (senjafuda)</i>
votive slips are always made with woodblock printing. They came into
fashion in the beginning of the 19th century when a trend for travel
begun and many pilgrimage routes developed. First<i> senshafudas</i>
were simple black and white name labels that were pasted on the pillars
of shrines and temples. This was to prove the visitor’s own faith and
also to gain appreciation from the other visitors coming into the same
temple. <br /><br />Gradually <i>senshafudas</i> developed into multicolor small artworks that were published by devoted collectors in <i>senshafuda-</i>exchange groups. Each collector group produced <i>senshafuda</i>
prints with various themes, starting with famous kabuki-actors and
landscapes in ukiyo-e style to modern style design of folk traditions
and objects of daily life. The activity of<i> senshafuda</i> exchange groups reached its peak during the first decades of the 20th century.<br /><br /><b><br /></b></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUNZ_1H80rxJ-njTgEQF-kj_bS401DSagZkagbt-cNXHiZjxSvGYb98eGCtOHMZ4un894aW90LULr7Xw7Hy2rCSI45uLQ-LWPAAEgWvX_w9TQa2zv1owOPqxz1rOl-rm_Jw6rVdJS8lsI/s1600/GetInline-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUNZ_1H80rxJ-njTgEQF-kj_bS401DSagZkagbt-cNXHiZjxSvGYb98eGCtOHMZ4un894aW90LULr7Xw7Hy2rCSI45uLQ-LWPAAEgWvX_w9TQa2zv1owOPqxz1rOl-rm_Jw6rVdJS8lsI/s400/GetInline-6.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0000ee;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /><span style="color: #666666;"><i><span style="font-size: small;">Senshafuda with kabuki-actors</span></i></span></span><u><br /></u></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b><br />TAKARABUNE</b><br /><i>Takarabune</i> (treasure boat) prints have magical powers. They were used in Japan during the New Year for gaining the best possible <i>hatsuyume</i>,
the first dream of the year. The print was placed under the pillow
before going to sleep on the last night of the old year. The picture of a
boat filled with rice and various treasures, and with the seven lucky
gods on board helped to provide good omens for becoming year. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />Merchants in Edo-period Japan cleverly adapted the custom of <i>takarabune</i> pictures to their own advertising purposes. They started to publish ever more finely executed <i>takarabune</i>
prints in vast quantities as gifts to customers and also for sale. A
new magic was attached to the prints: When the print is pasted over a
doorway, so that the boat in the picture is heading inside the house, it
will bring you good luck and riches all the year round. <b><br /><br /><br />POCHIBUKURO</b><br /><i>Pochibukuros</i>
are printed envelopes used for giving small money gifts. Their
production started during the 19th century, when a vast variety of
woodcut printed items came out to the market. The exact production date
for each individual <i>pochibukuro </i>is unknown due to their practical use as wrapping. <br /><br />There are many skillful art works among the early <i>pochib<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">u</span>kuro</i>.
The motifs on the envelopes vary from cultural peculiarities and
literary themes to simple kimono patterns depicting fauna and flora.
Sometimes miniature ukiyo-e images were printed for the enjoyment of
wealthy customers. <br /><br />In the first half of the 20th century the use of <i>pochibukuro </i>concentrated to the New Year’s time. Nowadays genuine woodblock printed <i>pochibukuros</i> have become extremely rare, but the custom of handing out money wrapped in an envelope still prevails in Japan</span></span></span><br />
<br />Mokuhanga Study Roomhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04927105110315948754noreply@blogger.com0